Ankylosing Spondylitis – Symptom, Cause, Treatment, Self Care
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What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a form of arthritis primarily affecting the spine, though it can also involve other joints. It causes inflammation of the spinal joints (vertebrae) that can lead to severe, chronic pain and discomfort. Over time, the inflammation can lead to the fusion of vertebrae, resulting in a reduced range of motion in the spine and potentially a hunched-forward posture.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis?
- Persistent pain and stiffness in the lower back and hips, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Neck pain and fatigue.
- Over time, symptoms may progress up the spine.
- In severe cases, the rib cage can be affected, restricting lung capacity.
What Causes Ankylosing Spondylitis?
The exact cause of AS is unknown, but genetic factors seem to play a role. The HLA-B27 gene is commonly found in people with AS, though not everyone with the gene develops the condition.
What are the Risk Factors for Ankylosing Spondylitis?
- Age: Typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood.
- Sex: More common in men than in women.
- Family History: Having family members with AS increases the risk.
- Genetic Markers: Presence of the HLA-B27 gene.
How to Diagnose Ankylosing Spondylitis?
- Physical Examination: Checking for pain and stiffness in the back and neck.
- Blood Tests: Looking for inflammation markers and HLA-B27 genetic marker.
- Imaging Tests: X-rays and MRI of the spine and pelvis to detect changes in the joints and bones.
Who Should Diagnose and Treat Ankylosing Spondylitis?
A rheumatologist, specializing in arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, should be consulted for the diagnosis and treatment of AS.
How to Treat Ankylosing Spondylitis?
- Medications: NSAIDs, TNF blockers, and other biologic agents.
- Physical Therapy: To improve posture, flexibility, and breathing exercises.
- Regular Exercise: To maintain joint flexibility and range of motion.
Complications with Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Fusion of Vertebrae: Can lead to a rigid spine.
- Pain and Stiffness: In severe cases, it can be debilitating.
- Eye Inflammation: Uveitis, causing pain and blurred vision, can occur.
Self-Care with Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Regular Stretching: To maintain flexibility and manage symptoms.
- Good Posture Practices: To prevent spine deformity and maintain lung function.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking can exacerbate respiratory problems in AS.
- Stay Active: Engage in regular physical activity to keep the spine and joints flexible.