Sjogren’s Syndrome- Symptom, Cause, Treatment, Self Care
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What is Sjögren’s Syndrome?
Sjögren’s Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune system attacking the glands that produce saliva and tears. This leads to the primary symptoms: dry eyes and dry mouth. Sjögren’s can also affect other parts of the body, including the skin, joints, lungs, kidneys, and nerves.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Sjögren’s Syndrome?
- Dry eyes and a feeling of grittiness or burning.
- Dry mouth, making it difficult to swallow or speak.
- Dry skin, and in some cases, skin rashes.
- Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
- Persistent dry cough and fatigue.
What Causes Sjögren’s Syndrome?
The exact cause of Sjögren’s Syndrome is unknown, but it’s thought to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells and tissues.
What are the Risk Factors for Sjögren’s Syndrome?
- Age: Most common in people over 40.
- Sex: More common in women.
- Rheumatic Disease: Often occurs in people with rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
How to Diagnose Sjögren’s Syndrome?
- Blood Tests: Looking for specific antibodies common in Sjögren’s.
- Eye Tests: To measure tear production.
- Lip Biopsy: To look for evidence of Sjögren’s in the salivary glands.
Who Should Diagnose and Treat Sjögren’s Syndrome?
A rheumatologist is typically involved in diagnosing and managing Sjögren’s Syndrome, as it is a systemic condition affecting multiple body systems.
How to Treat Sjögren’s Syndrome?
- Symptomatic Treatments: Artificial tears and saliva stimulants.
- Medications: Immunosuppressive drugs to reduce symptoms.
- Good Oral and Eye Hygiene: Regular dental care and eye care are important.
Complications with Sjögren’s Syndrome
- Dental Problems: Due to dry mouth, there’s an increased risk of cavities and oral infections.
- Vision Problems: Dry eyes can lead to light sensitivity and corneal damage.
- Internal Organ Involvement: Can affect kidneys, lungs, and liver.
Self-Care with Sjögren’s Syndrome
- Stay Hydrated: Helps alleviate dry mouth.
- Humidify Your Environment: To add moisture to the air, which can help with dry eyes and skin.
- Good Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing and dental check-ups are crucial.
- Eye Protection: Wearing sunglasses outdoors and avoiding windy or smoky environments.